The study will determine the AMR profile and AMR genes (cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin, methicillin) of predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens obtained from patients with the two clinical syndromes.

We will also perform in vitro testing of new antimicrobials (ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam) against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms exhibiting distinct resistance mechanisms, as well as testing for ceftaroline against MRSA. Data from our study has major country-wide implications in guiding new treatment regimens for MDR organisms associated with lower respiratory and intra-abdominal infections.